Following Paul
He was an accuser of the brethren, this Paul. He was a strict legalist and apparently a devoted member of the Sanhedrin, the governing council in Jerusalem. But a change had come over him.
He was no longer persecuting those who answered the call to follow the Messiah Yahshua. Why, he himself was now a follower of the man called Yahshua.
Paul told the Corinthian assembly, "Be followers of me, even as I also am of the Messiah," 1 Cor 11:1. He expected that his leadership would be followed and his life in the Messiah would be emulated. He had met the Messiah on the Damascus road and his life was forever changed.
Paul had been zealous in all things pertaining to the law, probably the most strict follower of the letter of the law found anywhere. He freely admitted he was blameless in this matter, Philippians 3:6.
Brought up under the sacrificial system of Judaism, he was a Pharisee of Pharisees, a leader of that religious body in Jerusalem. He knew the Old Testament from beginning to end, but could not comprehend why anyone would give up the way of life given directly by Yahweh through Moses.
This was the very Covenant given to Israel when they were freed from Egyptian bondage. Why would anyone turn his back on the established traditional Temple worship of Yahweh and His ordained priesthood to follow this man called Yahshua of Nazareth?
Anyone caught doing such a thing and calling upon Yahshua's Name was worthy of being placed in chains and taken by Paul before the Sanhedrin in Jerusalem.
But now things were different. A great change had come about.
He was no longer persecuting those who answered the call to follow the Messiah Yahshua. Why, he himself was now a follower of the man called Yahshua.
Paul told the Corinthian assembly, "Be followers of me, even as I also am of the Messiah," 1 Cor 11:1. He expected that his leadership would be followed and his life in the Messiah would be emulated. He had met the Messiah on the Damascus road and his life was forever changed.
Paul had been zealous in all things pertaining to the law, probably the most strict follower of the letter of the law found anywhere. He freely admitted he was blameless in this matter, Philippians 3:6.
Brought up under the sacrificial system of Judaism, he was a Pharisee of Pharisees, a leader of that religious body in Jerusalem. He knew the Old Testament from beginning to end, but could not comprehend why anyone would give up the way of life given directly by Yahweh through Moses.
This was the very Covenant given to Israel when they were freed from Egyptian bondage. Why would anyone turn his back on the established traditional Temple worship of Yahweh and His ordained priesthood to follow this man called Yahshua of Nazareth?
Anyone caught doing such a thing and calling upon Yahshua's Name was worthy of being placed in chains and taken by Paul before the Sanhedrin in Jerusalem.
But now things were different. A great change had come about.
Paul Chosen for His Zeal
Yahshua had chosen Paul to be His special servant to proclaim the Good News of the coming Kingdom. Having been struck down on the Damascus road and humbled, Paul was then called of the Messiah to be His special messenger to the world.
It was indeed a humiliating experience. He was blinded and did not eat for three days upon seeing the resplendent, resurrected Messiah. Paul's encounter with the Savior forever changed his outlook and life's goals. He was a chosen vessel to bring the great Name of Yahshua the Messiah before Gentiles and kings and the children of Israel, Acts 9:15.
Paul was specially selected for his task because he was fitted well for the job to fulfill the Great Commission of Matthew 28:19. It would take someone with his tenacity and zeal, his sense of purpose and drive.
Similarly, the elect down through the ages have also been given the responsibility to be a chosen vessel through which the message of salvation will be given to the world. Yahshua continues to choose His servants even today to follow Him and learn of His ways.
The majority of the people of Paul's day were just as deaf to the message of salvation as they are today.
Some will hear the message and marvel at the truth they hear. But it does not penetrate their hearts, and the message is soon drowned out by other voices of the world. Pleasures, enjoyments, the good life, allurements, adventures, excitements, and just plain fun leave little time for the deeper things of Yahweh's Word for most.
Paul, however, became as zealous and sincere in his mission as he had ever been as a Pharisee. His was the task of bringing to the world this precious Name Yahshua - "the only Name under heaven, given among men, whereby we must be saved," Acts 4:12.
Yahshua had chosen Paul to be His special servant to proclaim the Good News of the coming Kingdom. Having been struck down on the Damascus road and humbled, Paul was then called of the Messiah to be His special messenger to the world.
It was indeed a humiliating experience. He was blinded and did not eat for three days upon seeing the resplendent, resurrected Messiah. Paul's encounter with the Savior forever changed his outlook and life's goals. He was a chosen vessel to bring the great Name of Yahshua the Messiah before Gentiles and kings and the children of Israel, Acts 9:15.
Paul was specially selected for his task because he was fitted well for the job to fulfill the Great Commission of Matthew 28:19. It would take someone with his tenacity and zeal, his sense of purpose and drive.
Similarly, the elect down through the ages have also been given the responsibility to be a chosen vessel through which the message of salvation will be given to the world. Yahshua continues to choose His servants even today to follow Him and learn of His ways.
The majority of the people of Paul's day were just as deaf to the message of salvation as they are today.
Some will hear the message and marvel at the truth they hear. But it does not penetrate their hearts, and the message is soon drowned out by other voices of the world. Pleasures, enjoyments, the good life, allurements, adventures, excitements, and just plain fun leave little time for the deeper things of Yahweh's Word for most.
Paul, however, became as zealous and sincere in his mission as he had ever been as a Pharisee. His was the task of bringing to the world this precious Name Yahshua - "the only Name under heaven, given among men, whereby we must be saved," Acts 4:12.
Paul High and Mighty?
One would certainly think such a high and noble assignment would call for Paul to live in a resplendent mansion on a well-traveled road for high visibility. He would be a man of commanding presence and high dignity fitting his mission.
We could assume Paul in his travels would be given the best accommodations the world could offer. After all, he was representing the King of the universe and his message was a call to have a part in the coming government of Yahweh.
Undoubtedly, one could expect Paul to have a retinue of publicity men and experienced advance and promotional teams to advertise his visit. Camels, horses, and chariots would be at his command.
Thousands would jam the roadway as they journeyed to the gigantic colliseums to hear this earthshaking news that Paul was bringing to the world. Eager listeners would likely stand in line for days to get a seat to hear of the very Creator's will for His creation and His people.
Amazingly, none of this was the case. It is not that Yahweh could not provide Paul with the finest of accommodations and give him all the conveniences available at that time. It would be but a small thing for Yahweh to dazzle the world with the splendor of a presentation of truth by Paul never seen or heard before. Yahweh could bring about a gigantic, earth-shaking fireworks display that would pale any Fourth of July grandstand celebration.
But this is not the way Yahweh wants the Good News presented to the world. The presentation of the Evangel of the coming Kingdom at this time is not to be a three-ring circus event with all the hoopla and extravagances of the advertising media.
Paul was not called to dazzle the eyes of the world. Paul was to present the Good News of the coming Kingdom as a lowly prisoner. He would appear before kings, not wearing a Rolex, but in chains.
One would certainly think such a high and noble assignment would call for Paul to live in a resplendent mansion on a well-traveled road for high visibility. He would be a man of commanding presence and high dignity fitting his mission.
We could assume Paul in his travels would be given the best accommodations the world could offer. After all, he was representing the King of the universe and his message was a call to have a part in the coming government of Yahweh.
Undoubtedly, one could expect Paul to have a retinue of publicity men and experienced advance and promotional teams to advertise his visit. Camels, horses, and chariots would be at his command.
Thousands would jam the roadway as they journeyed to the gigantic colliseums to hear this earthshaking news that Paul was bringing to the world. Eager listeners would likely stand in line for days to get a seat to hear of the very Creator's will for His creation and His people.
Amazingly, none of this was the case. It is not that Yahweh could not provide Paul with the finest of accommodations and give him all the conveniences available at that time. It would be but a small thing for Yahweh to dazzle the world with the splendor of a presentation of truth by Paul never seen or heard before. Yahweh could bring about a gigantic, earth-shaking fireworks display that would pale any Fourth of July grandstand celebration.
But this is not the way Yahweh wants the Good News presented to the world. The presentation of the Evangel of the coming Kingdom at this time is not to be a three-ring circus event with all the hoopla and extravagances of the advertising media.
Paul was not called to dazzle the eyes of the world. Paul was to present the Good News of the coming Kingdom as a lowly prisoner. He would appear before kings, not wearing a Rolex, but in chains.
Perennial Question
Paul's former compatriots in religion now sought his life. Just as he had hunted down followers of the Messiah, Paul was now being hunted down by the religionists of his day, those who were schooled in the Torah and taught the people. Those associates who had joined Paul in seeking disciples of the Messiah now stalked him.
It is strange how supposed religious people tend to be the most vicious antagonists when they suddenly turn upon a fellow believer. Why did these Jews, who obviously were associates of Paul, suddenly become filled with jealousy and hatred for him?
Is this spirit of ridicule and vengeance still with us today? Do socalled religious people still backbite and attack anyone who takes a stand opposing their own erroneous actions and opinions?
Strangely enough, this same attitude is with us today. If Paul were alive today, he would be right in the middle of the controversy just as he was 2,000 years ago.
Paul would be aghast to think that the letters he wrote to the various assemblies to help them come to a better understanding of law and grace had been turned completely around to say that obedience to the law is not required. The blood of the Savior covers all, we are told.
Christianity in general has been so corrupted that Paul would not recognize it as the supposed thrust of the message of the Redeemer of Israel. Most Protestants teach that the Pauline Epistles declare that we are not under any obedience to the law, but that we are under grace.
Rather than teaching the truth about obedience to Yahweh's law, churchianity twists Paul's writings and renders an erroneous doctrine of grace and love. All the while they ignore the main thrust of Paul's writings, which was obedience to Yahweh's law.
"Faith alone!" was the rallying cry of the Reformation Movement. This was to counter the Roman Catholic selling of indulgences to compensate for any penalty for sins. "Faith alone" is still the argument commonly voiced today against obedience.
Yet, the Bible nowhere teaches a mere "faith alone." James 2:20 plainly says, "faith without works is dead." James goes on to say that Abraham was justified by works when he had offered Isaac upon the altar, verse 21. James 2:22 reads, "Seest how faith wrought with his works and by works was faith made perfect?"
Reformer Martin Luther treated the Book of James with disdain and thought it should be removed from the Bible.
What really was the issue that Paul was addressing in his letters to the Romans and the Galatians? These two letters seem to be the ones the majority of the misguided in churchianity turn to in an effort to justify their "no law" teaching.
Was Paul in fact addressing the question of law and grace? Was he teaching that the law was done away? Is obedience to the Ten Commandments, for example, no longer necessary in this modern age?
Paul's former compatriots in religion now sought his life. Just as he had hunted down followers of the Messiah, Paul was now being hunted down by the religionists of his day, those who were schooled in the Torah and taught the people. Those associates who had joined Paul in seeking disciples of the Messiah now stalked him.
It is strange how supposed religious people tend to be the most vicious antagonists when they suddenly turn upon a fellow believer. Why did these Jews, who obviously were associates of Paul, suddenly become filled with jealousy and hatred for him?
Is this spirit of ridicule and vengeance still with us today? Do socalled religious people still backbite and attack anyone who takes a stand opposing their own erroneous actions and opinions?
Strangely enough, this same attitude is with us today. If Paul were alive today, he would be right in the middle of the controversy just as he was 2,000 years ago.
Paul would be aghast to think that the letters he wrote to the various assemblies to help them come to a better understanding of law and grace had been turned completely around to say that obedience to the law is not required. The blood of the Savior covers all, we are told.
Christianity in general has been so corrupted that Paul would not recognize it as the supposed thrust of the message of the Redeemer of Israel. Most Protestants teach that the Pauline Epistles declare that we are not under any obedience to the law, but that we are under grace.
Rather than teaching the truth about obedience to Yahweh's law, churchianity twists Paul's writings and renders an erroneous doctrine of grace and love. All the while they ignore the main thrust of Paul's writings, which was obedience to Yahweh's law.
"Faith alone!" was the rallying cry of the Reformation Movement. This was to counter the Roman Catholic selling of indulgences to compensate for any penalty for sins. "Faith alone" is still the argument commonly voiced today against obedience.
Yet, the Bible nowhere teaches a mere "faith alone." James 2:20 plainly says, "faith without works is dead." James goes on to say that Abraham was justified by works when he had offered Isaac upon the altar, verse 21. James 2:22 reads, "Seest how faith wrought with his works and by works was faith made perfect?"
Reformer Martin Luther treated the Book of James with disdain and thought it should be removed from the Bible.
What really was the issue that Paul was addressing in his letters to the Romans and the Galatians? These two letters seem to be the ones the majority of the misguided in churchianity turn to in an effort to justify their "no law" teaching.
Was Paul in fact addressing the question of law and grace? Was he teaching that the law was done away? Is obedience to the Ten Commandments, for example, no longer necessary in this modern age?
Spiritual Ignorance Still
To understand Paul's letters, one must consider the background surrounding the times in which he was writing, and take note of the situation. All of Paul's letters were written after the time of the resurrection of the Messiah, from around 58 to 67 of our Common Era.
The Temple was still standing in Jerusalem, and worship was being carried out through sacrifices and offerings. The priests were officiating and animals were slaughtered daily.
The Temple was the center of the religious life of the Israelites in Palestine. Sacrifices and offerings were a part of the Book of Leviticus and were a way of life.
Sins demanded a sacrifice be made, and there were various and special offerings for each, such as the burnt offerings, the meat (meal) offerings, the peace offerings, the sin offerings, and the trespass offerings.
The priests and money changers were actively engaged in their pursuits in the Temple. It was a never ending routine familiar to all Jews.
The Sadducees were of the priestly caste and had governed Temple worship during the time of the Messiah, but were gradually losing their prestige to the Pharisees.
The Scribes and Pharisees were respected for their religious activity and busied themselves with meticulous points of the law. They basked in their pomp and ceremony, wore prestigious, flowing robes and broadened the borders of their garments - all the while flaunting their phylacteries as a badge of righteousness.
The religious routine had become a monotonous way of life for the general population, most of whom gave little thought or consideration to their activities.
They were very much like those today who go to church and greet their acquaintances, sing some songs, and hear a 20-minute talk on love, grace, and forgiveness.
Most never carry their Bibles to church, and an open Bible is hardly ever found, for the sermons are usually based on positive thinking, peace, and prosperity, or giving more to the church.
One would assume the purpose in attending church would be to learn deeper truths of Scripture.
Just as mainstream churchianity is ignorant of the Bible, the people in Paul's day were also spiritually ignorant. They offered up sacrifices and brought offerings, but had no understanding of what the underlying meaning of these sacrifices and offerings meant to them.
It was simply tradition and a routine affair that they mindlessly carried out—salve for the conscience.
Each of those offerings and sacrifices pointed to various aspects of Yahshua's redemptive work, yet the people had no idea what these sacrifices were to teach them. They only busied themselves with the cursory, routine performance of their worship.
They heard of the promise of the coming of the Messiah of Israel, but the religious leaders convinced the majority that the carpenter of Nazareth was not the one who was destined to redeem Israel.
The Rabbis and Pharisees had a preconceived notion of what this coming Prince would be like and how He would appear. They fully expected that this Messiah would restore the land of Palestine to Israel, and drive out those detestable Romans.
Surely, this Redeemer of Israel would come with power and glory, rightfully seizing rulership. He likely would come with myriads of angels. Did not Isaiah say that David would rule and establish judgment and justice and the "zeal of Yahweh of hosts will perform this"? (Isaiah 9:7)
To understand Paul's letters, one must consider the background surrounding the times in which he was writing, and take note of the situation. All of Paul's letters were written after the time of the resurrection of the Messiah, from around 58 to 67 of our Common Era.
The Temple was still standing in Jerusalem, and worship was being carried out through sacrifices and offerings. The priests were officiating and animals were slaughtered daily.
The Temple was the center of the religious life of the Israelites in Palestine. Sacrifices and offerings were a part of the Book of Leviticus and were a way of life.
Sins demanded a sacrifice be made, and there were various and special offerings for each, such as the burnt offerings, the meat (meal) offerings, the peace offerings, the sin offerings, and the trespass offerings.
The priests and money changers were actively engaged in their pursuits in the Temple. It was a never ending routine familiar to all Jews.
The Sadducees were of the priestly caste and had governed Temple worship during the time of the Messiah, but were gradually losing their prestige to the Pharisees.
The Scribes and Pharisees were respected for their religious activity and busied themselves with meticulous points of the law. They basked in their pomp and ceremony, wore prestigious, flowing robes and broadened the borders of their garments - all the while flaunting their phylacteries as a badge of righteousness.
The religious routine had become a monotonous way of life for the general population, most of whom gave little thought or consideration to their activities.
They were very much like those today who go to church and greet their acquaintances, sing some songs, and hear a 20-minute talk on love, grace, and forgiveness.
Most never carry their Bibles to church, and an open Bible is hardly ever found, for the sermons are usually based on positive thinking, peace, and prosperity, or giving more to the church.
One would assume the purpose in attending church would be to learn deeper truths of Scripture.
Just as mainstream churchianity is ignorant of the Bible, the people in Paul's day were also spiritually ignorant. They offered up sacrifices and brought offerings, but had no understanding of what the underlying meaning of these sacrifices and offerings meant to them.
It was simply tradition and a routine affair that they mindlessly carried out—salve for the conscience.
Each of those offerings and sacrifices pointed to various aspects of Yahshua's redemptive work, yet the people had no idea what these sacrifices were to teach them. They only busied themselves with the cursory, routine performance of their worship.
They heard of the promise of the coming of the Messiah of Israel, but the religious leaders convinced the majority that the carpenter of Nazareth was not the one who was destined to redeem Israel.
The Rabbis and Pharisees had a preconceived notion of what this coming Prince would be like and how He would appear. They fully expected that this Messiah would restore the land of Palestine to Israel, and drive out those detestable Romans.
Surely, this Redeemer of Israel would come with power and glory, rightfully seizing rulership. He likely would come with myriads of angels. Did not Isaiah say that David would rule and establish judgment and justice and the "zeal of Yahweh of hosts will perform this"? (Isaiah 9:7)
If Yahshua Were Here Today
It is the same with the religionists of churchianity today who claim to be teaching the truth of Yahweh. The message of the Bible is so perverted that if the Savior would return and listen to what is being taught in many churches today, He would never recognize it.
Instead of teaching of the coming Kingdom on earth, we hear of people supposedly going to heaven, something the Bible does not teach. We hear of a compassionate Savior who is so loving He would never even threaten, let alone chastise or harm anyone.
Taught today is that He does not expect us to keep the law, but that He has "nailed it to His cross." (Shouldn't He wonder why He had to die at Calvary because of man's lawbreaking, when now this very law is supposedly done away? His death would seemingly be of no account, having accomplished nothing! When you abolish the law, you abolish sin, too!)
The Savior would never recognize as His, any message doing away with the Ten Commandments. He plainly said He did not come to destroy the law, but to fulfill it in all its righteous requirements and in the fulness of its intent, Matthew 5:17.
He would be shocked to hear in churchianity that He was now called by a Latinized Greek/Hebrew name - a name He was never called in His life on earth. How could Yahshua, a Jew from the house of David who grew up in a Jewish household, who lived among Hebrews who spoke a Semitic language, have a Latinized Greek-Hebrew name that carries no meaning whatsoever?
He would likely be puzzled to hear that He must be so upset because His pleas for the world to believe on Him go unheeded. The erroneous message He would hear likely would be that He came to save the world in His day, and it still isn't saved. (There are more unbelievers today than ever, and the number is increasing yearly!) But even more, He would be reminded that the world in general wants the salvation of the Jews, but rejects "Jewish" laws and holy days. (The Bible calls them "Yahweh's".)
Yahweh's Word is very clear that the Savior did not die in vain. In His life of 33 years He lived in perfect obedience to Yahweh's Law as an example for us. He started His Assembly of the "called out saints" with the twelve Apostles and promised that His Assembly would always be in existence. He also gave up His life as the supreme sacrifice for the sins of the world.
It is the same with the religionists of churchianity today who claim to be teaching the truth of Yahweh. The message of the Bible is so perverted that if the Savior would return and listen to what is being taught in many churches today, He would never recognize it.
Instead of teaching of the coming Kingdom on earth, we hear of people supposedly going to heaven, something the Bible does not teach. We hear of a compassionate Savior who is so loving He would never even threaten, let alone chastise or harm anyone.
Taught today is that He does not expect us to keep the law, but that He has "nailed it to His cross." (Shouldn't He wonder why He had to die at Calvary because of man's lawbreaking, when now this very law is supposedly done away? His death would seemingly be of no account, having accomplished nothing! When you abolish the law, you abolish sin, too!)
The Savior would never recognize as His, any message doing away with the Ten Commandments. He plainly said He did not come to destroy the law, but to fulfill it in all its righteous requirements and in the fulness of its intent, Matthew 5:17.
He would be shocked to hear in churchianity that He was now called by a Latinized Greek/Hebrew name - a name He was never called in His life on earth. How could Yahshua, a Jew from the house of David who grew up in a Jewish household, who lived among Hebrews who spoke a Semitic language, have a Latinized Greek-Hebrew name that carries no meaning whatsoever?
He would likely be puzzled to hear that He must be so upset because His pleas for the world to believe on Him go unheeded. The erroneous message He would hear likely would be that He came to save the world in His day, and it still isn't saved. (There are more unbelievers today than ever, and the number is increasing yearly!) But even more, He would be reminded that the world in general wants the salvation of the Jews, but rejects "Jewish" laws and holy days. (The Bible calls them "Yahweh's".)
Yahweh's Word is very clear that the Savior did not die in vain. In His life of 33 years He lived in perfect obedience to Yahweh's Law as an example for us. He started His Assembly of the "called out saints" with the twelve Apostles and promised that His Assembly would always be in existence. He also gave up His life as the supreme sacrifice for the sins of the world.
What's Necessary Now
Today we no longer are required to bring sacrifices and oblations in our worship of Yahweh. The ninth and tenth chapters of Hebrews clearly emphasize the establishment of the New Covenant.
If we confess and repent of our sins; put our faith and trust in the Messiah; are baptized into His name, our sins will be washed away. We stand justified at that moment, just as if we had never sinned.
But the next moment we may again find ourselves sinning in thought, word or deed. As we repent of that sin and strive to overcome our nature, the world, and the adversary, and are determined not to repeat that sin, we are again forgiven.
By overcoming daily we grow in the stature and fulness of the Messiah, Ephesians 4:13.
This is the basic message of the New Testament. Since the death and resurrection of the Messiah, it is no longer necessary to offer sacrifices for sins. There is no functioning priesthood any more, and the temple has been destroyed, so the prescribed sacrifices can no longer be offered.
Circumcision (which was required before one could enter the temple) is now circumcision of the heart, Romans 2:29. It is willingly turning to Yahweh in complete obedience.
The supreme sacrifice has been made! The precious blood of the Savior has atoned for the sins of the world-your sins and mine.
Those who believe on Him, repent from sin, and are baptized into His Name, can go directly to Father Yahweh in prayer without having to go through the priesthood. Our Priest is Yahshua who mediates our cause with the Father, and He is a High Priest!
The teachers in churchianity today use Paul's writings to teach the removing of Yahweh's law, a doctrine that is not found in Scripture and which Paul never intended in all of his letters. To be sure, the sacrificial laws and the law of circumcision are in abeyance in this age, but will be reinstituted later, Ezekiel 44:9; 45:15.
Paul faithfully taught obedience to Yahweh's laws. Notice his clear statements: "Do we then make void the law through faith? Yahweh forbid: yea, we establish the law," Romans 3:31.
Paul upholds the law and establishes it all the more firmly in Romans 7:7. "What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Yahweh forbid. Nay, I had not known sin but by the law: for I had not known lust except the law had said, `Thou shalt not covet.' " Note another example in Romans 7:12, "Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just and good."
It should be pointed out that at the time Paul was writing his epistles, the temple was still standing, although it was destroyed in the year 70 of our common era. Galatians was written about 52-53, C.E.; Romans was written about 58 C.E.; Ephesians around 60-61 C.E. Only the Book of Revelation is said to have been written after the destruction of the temple by Titus.
This means that during Paul's ministry, the general population of Palestine continued going to the temple for worship and sacrifices.
After the Savior's resurrection ,the Apostles came with the message that physical circumcision was no longer required. Physical circumcision had been a requirement directly given by Yahweh for observing Passover, Exodus 12:43-49. This was later applied to Temple worship as we see in Acts 21:28-29.
Today we no longer are required to bring sacrifices and oblations in our worship of Yahweh. The ninth and tenth chapters of Hebrews clearly emphasize the establishment of the New Covenant.
If we confess and repent of our sins; put our faith and trust in the Messiah; are baptized into His name, our sins will be washed away. We stand justified at that moment, just as if we had never sinned.
But the next moment we may again find ourselves sinning in thought, word or deed. As we repent of that sin and strive to overcome our nature, the world, and the adversary, and are determined not to repeat that sin, we are again forgiven.
By overcoming daily we grow in the stature and fulness of the Messiah, Ephesians 4:13.
This is the basic message of the New Testament. Since the death and resurrection of the Messiah, it is no longer necessary to offer sacrifices for sins. There is no functioning priesthood any more, and the temple has been destroyed, so the prescribed sacrifices can no longer be offered.
Circumcision (which was required before one could enter the temple) is now circumcision of the heart, Romans 2:29. It is willingly turning to Yahweh in complete obedience.
The supreme sacrifice has been made! The precious blood of the Savior has atoned for the sins of the world-your sins and mine.
Those who believe on Him, repent from sin, and are baptized into His Name, can go directly to Father Yahweh in prayer without having to go through the priesthood. Our Priest is Yahshua who mediates our cause with the Father, and He is a High Priest!
The teachers in churchianity today use Paul's writings to teach the removing of Yahweh's law, a doctrine that is not found in Scripture and which Paul never intended in all of his letters. To be sure, the sacrificial laws and the law of circumcision are in abeyance in this age, but will be reinstituted later, Ezekiel 44:9; 45:15.
Paul faithfully taught obedience to Yahweh's laws. Notice his clear statements: "Do we then make void the law through faith? Yahweh forbid: yea, we establish the law," Romans 3:31.
Paul upholds the law and establishes it all the more firmly in Romans 7:7. "What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Yahweh forbid. Nay, I had not known sin but by the law: for I had not known lust except the law had said, `Thou shalt not covet.' " Note another example in Romans 7:12, "Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just and good."
It should be pointed out that at the time Paul was writing his epistles, the temple was still standing, although it was destroyed in the year 70 of our common era. Galatians was written about 52-53, C.E.; Romans was written about 58 C.E.; Ephesians around 60-61 C.E. Only the Book of Revelation is said to have been written after the destruction of the temple by Titus.
This means that during Paul's ministry, the general population of Palestine continued going to the temple for worship and sacrifices.
After the Savior's resurrection ,the Apostles came with the message that physical circumcision was no longer required. Physical circumcision had been a requirement directly given by Yahweh for observing Passover, Exodus 12:43-49. This was later applied to Temple worship as we see in Acts 21:28-29.
They Held to Circumcision
Because of the Pharisees, the majority of the people, with few exceptions, continued with circumcision and carried on with temple worship instead of accepting the shed blood of the Lamb as an atonement for sins, John 1:29.
The message of the Apostles was that Yahshua paid the penalty for sins and repentant mankind now had immediate access to the Heavenly Father through the Son.
The Pharisees continued to harass the Apostles as well as Paul and insisted that every convert had to be physically circumcised. The Book of Acts carries the account of this continuing persecution of Paul and others by the legalistic Pharisees.
It was quite apparent to the religious heirarchy that success in converting those early Israelites would bring about a decline in temple attendance, with the Scribes and Pharisees being the biggest losers.
Their position and livelihood were at stake, and they were determined to stamp out this growing offshoot of Judaism, which was turning more and more people to following the risen Yahshua of Nazareth. The early Apostles, however, continued preaching the Messiah, Acts 4:18; 5:40; 8:35; 17:18; 28:23.
Under the Old Covenant, it was necessary for the worshiper to be circumcised to enter the temple for worship and offer sacrifice. The question arose among the Apostles whether it was necessary for a Gentile who desired to enter into the New Covenant to be circumcised.
The Old Testament clearly showed that Yahweh's promise was to Israel, and it was through Israel that the nations of the world should be given the adoption and glory, the covenants, the law, the service of Yahweh, and the promises, Romans 9:4.
Circumcision was a token of the Covenant given to Abraham by Yahweh (Gen. 17:11). Should not this regulation be honored in the New Covenant?
The question of requiring circumcision for the New Covenant converts was the primary issue recorded for us in Acts 15. It was not a question, as is erroneously taught by churchianity, that this meeting in Jerusalem was to do away with obeying the law of the Old Testament.
Obedience to the Ten Commandments, the Sabbath, calling upon Yahweh's revealed Name, the Feast Days, and adhering to clean meat laws still stand, and were never in question in Paul's day. The question was whether a new convert should be physically circumcised to enter the New Covenant.
The opinion of these Spirit-filled elders was that it is not required of a Gentile that he be circumcised to become a part of the Body of Messiah. Baptism into Yahshua's Name is a public acknowledgement of our entering into the new relationship with Yahweh through His Son. Baptism is an outward sign of an inward change of heart.
James summarized the decision the assembled elders reached in Acts 15:19-21 as follows: "Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to Yahweh; but that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood. For Moses of old time has in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath day."
These Gentiles were accustomed to worshiping idols. They would dedicate a sacrifice to their idols, then eat these unclean sacrifices. Temple prostitutes abounded in these pagan temples, along with fornication and acts of impure worship.
Theirs was a pagan worship of sex and fertility, from which comes the Easter rabbit, eggs, mother worship, and other modern rites.
Banned also was their eating of blood directly or eating an animal that had been strangled.
While these four proscriptions took care of the fundamentals of impure pagan worship, James also noted that these new converts were attending worship with the Jews, where Moses' writings were read every Sabbath. This means that Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy were read and heard by the assembled converts as they gathered in the synagogue each Sabbath.
We cannot read Acts 15:29 without considering what has been given before. These pagans habitually had eaten blood, participated in acts of sex worship, and followed other abominations of heathendom. Now they were told to stop these loathsome practices and enter into the worship Yahweh had ordained.
There is nothing in this chapter or in the New Testament to show that the Ten Commandments of Yahweh are done away. The issue was circumcision for Gentile converts, not the doing away with the law!
Because of the Pharisees, the majority of the people, with few exceptions, continued with circumcision and carried on with temple worship instead of accepting the shed blood of the Lamb as an atonement for sins, John 1:29.
The message of the Apostles was that Yahshua paid the penalty for sins and repentant mankind now had immediate access to the Heavenly Father through the Son.
The Pharisees continued to harass the Apostles as well as Paul and insisted that every convert had to be physically circumcised. The Book of Acts carries the account of this continuing persecution of Paul and others by the legalistic Pharisees.
It was quite apparent to the religious heirarchy that success in converting those early Israelites would bring about a decline in temple attendance, with the Scribes and Pharisees being the biggest losers.
Their position and livelihood were at stake, and they were determined to stamp out this growing offshoot of Judaism, which was turning more and more people to following the risen Yahshua of Nazareth. The early Apostles, however, continued preaching the Messiah, Acts 4:18; 5:40; 8:35; 17:18; 28:23.
Under the Old Covenant, it was necessary for the worshiper to be circumcised to enter the temple for worship and offer sacrifice. The question arose among the Apostles whether it was necessary for a Gentile who desired to enter into the New Covenant to be circumcised.
The Old Testament clearly showed that Yahweh's promise was to Israel, and it was through Israel that the nations of the world should be given the adoption and glory, the covenants, the law, the service of Yahweh, and the promises, Romans 9:4.
Circumcision was a token of the Covenant given to Abraham by Yahweh (Gen. 17:11). Should not this regulation be honored in the New Covenant?
The question of requiring circumcision for the New Covenant converts was the primary issue recorded for us in Acts 15. It was not a question, as is erroneously taught by churchianity, that this meeting in Jerusalem was to do away with obeying the law of the Old Testament.
Obedience to the Ten Commandments, the Sabbath, calling upon Yahweh's revealed Name, the Feast Days, and adhering to clean meat laws still stand, and were never in question in Paul's day. The question was whether a new convert should be physically circumcised to enter the New Covenant.
The opinion of these Spirit-filled elders was that it is not required of a Gentile that he be circumcised to become a part of the Body of Messiah. Baptism into Yahshua's Name is a public acknowledgement of our entering into the new relationship with Yahweh through His Son. Baptism is an outward sign of an inward change of heart.
James summarized the decision the assembled elders reached in Acts 15:19-21 as follows: "Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to Yahweh; but that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood. For Moses of old time has in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath day."
These Gentiles were accustomed to worshiping idols. They would dedicate a sacrifice to their idols, then eat these unclean sacrifices. Temple prostitutes abounded in these pagan temples, along with fornication and acts of impure worship.
Theirs was a pagan worship of sex and fertility, from which comes the Easter rabbit, eggs, mother worship, and other modern rites.
Banned also was their eating of blood directly or eating an animal that had been strangled.
While these four proscriptions took care of the fundamentals of impure pagan worship, James also noted that these new converts were attending worship with the Jews, where Moses' writings were read every Sabbath. This means that Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy were read and heard by the assembled converts as they gathered in the synagogue each Sabbath.
We cannot read Acts 15:29 without considering what has been given before. These pagans habitually had eaten blood, participated in acts of sex worship, and followed other abominations of heathendom. Now they were told to stop these loathsome practices and enter into the worship Yahweh had ordained.
There is nothing in this chapter or in the New Testament to show that the Ten Commandments of Yahweh are done away. The issue was circumcision for Gentile converts, not the doing away with the law!
Paul's Writings Misjudged
When some Bible teachers erroneously teach that the law was abolished, they will often turn to Paul's writings. Peter warns us to be careful how we handle Paul's writings, calling him "beloved brother" in 2 Peter 3:15, and then goes on to say in verse 16, "As in all his [Paul's] epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other Scriptures, unto their own destruction."
Peter admitted that Paul's writings were difficult to comprehend. He warned that the unlearned and unstable would use Paul's letters and other texts unto their own destruction. And so they do!
When we read of this warning by Peter, we must be very careful how we interpret Paul's meaning. We must have more than one witness according to the Savior's words in John 8:17.
If a no-law teaching were true, it would easily be found throughout the New Testament. The misguided teachers usually twist Paul's letters of Galatians and Romans in their mistaken effort to do away with the Law.
Peter, in 2 Peter 3:17, continues his warning about misconstruing what Paul is telling us, "You therefore, beloved, seeing you know these things before, beware lest you also, being led away with the error of the wicked, fall from your own stedfastness."
The word “wicked” is the Greek athesmos, meaning lawless, and by implication, criminal. It carries the meaning of being without law. We are warned not to be led away by assuming we need not be guided by any law.
The interesting point overlooked by the Biblically ignorant is that Paul actually taught obedience to the Ten Commandments and all of Yahweh's laws.
Over the years many have sought to ferret out those questionable verses which might be made to show that we no longer have to observe the weekly and annual Sabbaths, and other verses that supposedly do away with the direct command to call upon Yahweh's personal Name.
Paul's argument was that physical circumcision is no longer required. For those who latch onto these verses and twist them to say that obedience to the Law is no longer required, Peter says such are unlearned and unstable.
A clear verse in this regard is 1 Corinthians 7:19, "Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of Yahweh." Can anyone not see that Paul is upholding the keeping of the Ten Commandments? He is not doing away with them, ignoring them, setting them aside, or saying they are unimportant!
The Apostle Paul's letters actually teach the keeping of Yahweh's Laws of the Old Testament, which are brought to spiritual perfection in the New Testament. Even to hate is tantamount to murder. Lust is equated with adultery. This is clearly emphasized by the Savior in His Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 5-7.
The Apostolic Assembly kept these commandments, and a remnant has kept them down through the ages until this day. We strive to keep them today as taught by Yahshua and His Apostles.
Upon the destruction of the Temple in 70 in our common era, the priesthood could no longer function. Temple worship came to a halt. There were no more sacrifices.
Instead of following in the footsteps of the Savior and worshiping Yahweh as He and the Apostles had done, the new converts from paganism brought along their customs and various rites and days of pagan worship were added to the church.
The flood of pagan converts soon swamped the fledgling Assembly that Yahshua had started, and for the most part it lost its characteristic Jewish flavor. From the time of Constantine onward, the Apostolic Assembly was almost buried under paganism.
The writings of Paul, which the unlearned and unstable use in an effort to do away with Yahweh's law, are taken out of context or forced to apply to something altogether foreign to his message. Obedience to Yahweh's Law is spurned by most of churchianity. Paul refers to those who are so minded as carnal, that is, not having the Spirit of Yahweh guiding them. Notice Romans 8:7, "Because the carnal mind is enmity against Yahweh: for it is not subject to the Law of Yahweh, neither indeed can be." A carnal mind is not about to submit to Yahweh's Law!
A good example of wresting Paul's writings is found in Ephesians 2:15. "Having abolished in His flesh the enmity, even the Law of commandments contained in ordinances..." A carnal mind reads this and assumes that it says the Messiah abolished the Law. But that is not what it says.
Through His death on the tree, Yahshua abolished the enmity, the hatred, the hostility, the racial and religious antagonism between Jew and Gentile. Yahshua the Messiah brought Jew and Gentile together through His death by abolishing the ordinances that separate Jew from Gentile.
Both Jew and Gentile can now approach Yahweh through the blood of the Lamb. Fleshly sacrifices through the priesthood are now in abeyance. Verse 16 clearly says, "Having slain the enmity thereby."
Hebrews 10:16-17 reveals that the New Covenant is the inscription of Yahweh's Laws in the hearts and minds of His people. This is drawn from Jeremiah 31:31-34, declaring that the same Old Testament Laws will be placed in the hearts and minds of the saints.
It is difficult to comprehend how those who hate Yahweh's Laws now and want to do away with them can expect to have them placed in their hearts and minds. How can those who hate Yahweh's Laws now become kings and priests in the Kingdom (Rev. 1:6 and 5:10) and teach and enforce these same laws on others?
Is it possible to have laws and concepts you hate placed in your heart and mind so that you uphold and obey them? Can you upbraid someone in the Kingdom for not keeping His Laws when you detest these very Laws even now?
When some Bible teachers erroneously teach that the law was abolished, they will often turn to Paul's writings. Peter warns us to be careful how we handle Paul's writings, calling him "beloved brother" in 2 Peter 3:15, and then goes on to say in verse 16, "As in all his [Paul's] epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other Scriptures, unto their own destruction."
Peter admitted that Paul's writings were difficult to comprehend. He warned that the unlearned and unstable would use Paul's letters and other texts unto their own destruction. And so they do!
When we read of this warning by Peter, we must be very careful how we interpret Paul's meaning. We must have more than one witness according to the Savior's words in John 8:17.
If a no-law teaching were true, it would easily be found throughout the New Testament. The misguided teachers usually twist Paul's letters of Galatians and Romans in their mistaken effort to do away with the Law.
Peter, in 2 Peter 3:17, continues his warning about misconstruing what Paul is telling us, "You therefore, beloved, seeing you know these things before, beware lest you also, being led away with the error of the wicked, fall from your own stedfastness."
The word “wicked” is the Greek athesmos, meaning lawless, and by implication, criminal. It carries the meaning of being without law. We are warned not to be led away by assuming we need not be guided by any law.
The interesting point overlooked by the Biblically ignorant is that Paul actually taught obedience to the Ten Commandments and all of Yahweh's laws.
Over the years many have sought to ferret out those questionable verses which might be made to show that we no longer have to observe the weekly and annual Sabbaths, and other verses that supposedly do away with the direct command to call upon Yahweh's personal Name.
Paul's argument was that physical circumcision is no longer required. For those who latch onto these verses and twist them to say that obedience to the Law is no longer required, Peter says such are unlearned and unstable.
A clear verse in this regard is 1 Corinthians 7:19, "Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of Yahweh." Can anyone not see that Paul is upholding the keeping of the Ten Commandments? He is not doing away with them, ignoring them, setting them aside, or saying they are unimportant!
The Apostle Paul's letters actually teach the keeping of Yahweh's Laws of the Old Testament, which are brought to spiritual perfection in the New Testament. Even to hate is tantamount to murder. Lust is equated with adultery. This is clearly emphasized by the Savior in His Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 5-7.
The Apostolic Assembly kept these commandments, and a remnant has kept them down through the ages until this day. We strive to keep them today as taught by Yahshua and His Apostles.
Upon the destruction of the Temple in 70 in our common era, the priesthood could no longer function. Temple worship came to a halt. There were no more sacrifices.
Instead of following in the footsteps of the Savior and worshiping Yahweh as He and the Apostles had done, the new converts from paganism brought along their customs and various rites and days of pagan worship were added to the church.
The flood of pagan converts soon swamped the fledgling Assembly that Yahshua had started, and for the most part it lost its characteristic Jewish flavor. From the time of Constantine onward, the Apostolic Assembly was almost buried under paganism.
The writings of Paul, which the unlearned and unstable use in an effort to do away with Yahweh's law, are taken out of context or forced to apply to something altogether foreign to his message. Obedience to Yahweh's Law is spurned by most of churchianity. Paul refers to those who are so minded as carnal, that is, not having the Spirit of Yahweh guiding them. Notice Romans 8:7, "Because the carnal mind is enmity against Yahweh: for it is not subject to the Law of Yahweh, neither indeed can be." A carnal mind is not about to submit to Yahweh's Law!
A good example of wresting Paul's writings is found in Ephesians 2:15. "Having abolished in His flesh the enmity, even the Law of commandments contained in ordinances..." A carnal mind reads this and assumes that it says the Messiah abolished the Law. But that is not what it says.
Through His death on the tree, Yahshua abolished the enmity, the hatred, the hostility, the racial and religious antagonism between Jew and Gentile. Yahshua the Messiah brought Jew and Gentile together through His death by abolishing the ordinances that separate Jew from Gentile.
Both Jew and Gentile can now approach Yahweh through the blood of the Lamb. Fleshly sacrifices through the priesthood are now in abeyance. Verse 16 clearly says, "Having slain the enmity thereby."
Hebrews 10:16-17 reveals that the New Covenant is the inscription of Yahweh's Laws in the hearts and minds of His people. This is drawn from Jeremiah 31:31-34, declaring that the same Old Testament Laws will be placed in the hearts and minds of the saints.
It is difficult to comprehend how those who hate Yahweh's Laws now and want to do away with them can expect to have them placed in their hearts and minds. How can those who hate Yahweh's Laws now become kings and priests in the Kingdom (Rev. 1:6 and 5:10) and teach and enforce these same laws on others?
Is it possible to have laws and concepts you hate placed in your heart and mind so that you uphold and obey them? Can you upbraid someone in the Kingdom for not keeping His Laws when you detest these very Laws even now?
Sacrifices to Be Reinstated
The laws of animal sacrifices are still in our Bibles. These sacrificial laws are given as a reminder of the purity and holiness of Yahweh's Ten Commandments and other laws.
The sacrifices will again be put in effect in the Kingdom as we read in Ezekiel 44 and 45. Circumcision will also be required, Ezekiel 44:7- 9. This will likely take place when Yahweh deals with nations other than Israel.
Sacrifices now take on a spiritual meaning. This is to help us perceive the deeper meaning of the sacrificial system. Paul reveals in Romans 12:1 that we are to present our bodies as a living sacrifice. We are to sacrifice our lives on the altar of daily living in the world.
Through obedience to Yahweh's Law, Peter shows that the called out ones are the living Temple for Almighty Yahweh. Notice, "Come, and let yourselves be built, as living stones, into a spiritual temple; become a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to [Yahweh] through [Yahshua the Messiah]," 1 Peter 2:5, NEB. Hebrews 13:15 also shows through the sacrifice of praise of our lips that Yahweh is well pleased.
The laws of animal sacrifices are still in our Bibles. These sacrificial laws are given as a reminder of the purity and holiness of Yahweh's Ten Commandments and other laws.
The sacrifices will again be put in effect in the Kingdom as we read in Ezekiel 44 and 45. Circumcision will also be required, Ezekiel 44:7- 9. This will likely take place when Yahweh deals with nations other than Israel.
Sacrifices now take on a spiritual meaning. This is to help us perceive the deeper meaning of the sacrificial system. Paul reveals in Romans 12:1 that we are to present our bodies as a living sacrifice. We are to sacrifice our lives on the altar of daily living in the world.
Through obedience to Yahweh's Law, Peter shows that the called out ones are the living Temple for Almighty Yahweh. Notice, "Come, and let yourselves be built, as living stones, into a spiritual temple; become a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to [Yahweh] through [Yahshua the Messiah]," 1 Peter 2:5, NEB. Hebrews 13:15 also shows through the sacrifice of praise of our lips that Yahweh is well pleased.
Laws' Importance Magnified
All Laws given by Yahweh have a deeper spiritual meaning. The Laws of sacrifice and ceremonial requirements having to do with Temple worship are set aside in favor of the spiritual, which stand forever.
We can easily grasp the Laws of Yahweh by noting that the Laws dealing with Temple worship have taken on a deeper spiritual meaning through the death and resurrection of Yahshua the Messiah. He clearly said to the woman at the well, "Yahweh is Spirit; and they that worship Him must worship Him in Spirit and in truth," John 4:24.
Paul did not do away with Yahweh's Law. He merely set aside physical circumcision and physical requirements of Temple worship. Reread Paul's epistles with an attitude of perceiving the deeper meaning of that higher spiritual requirement of Yahweh's holiness, which He expects of His people.
Circumcise your heart by making these Laws of Yahweh a part of your life, these Laws that Paul said were "holy, just, and good," Romans 7:12.
The last book of the Bible clearly supports Paul in upholding the Ten Commandments given by Almighty Yahweh. Notice Revelation 12:17 tells of a small Commandment-keeping remnant that the Adversary will persecute at the end of the age: "And the dragon was wroth with the woman and went to make war with the remnant of her seed which keep the commandments of Yahweh and have the testimony of Yahshua the Messiah."
Paul commended the Philippians for their obedience in allowing Yahweh to exercise His will to work in them, Philippians 2:13. It is in verse 12 Paul says, "work out your own salvation with fear and trembling."
Do not wrest Paul's writings as do the unlearned and unstable unto your own destruction.
After being called of Yahshua on the Damascus road, Paul no longer offered animal sacrifices. But he continued to obey. Notice his words to Felix, the governor, "But this I confess unto you, that after the way they call heresy, so worship I the Elohim of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the law and in the prophets," Acts 24:14.
May you also believe all things that are written in the Law and in the Prophets (Old Testament) and preserve Yahweh's truth in your heart and mind.
All Laws given by Yahweh have a deeper spiritual meaning. The Laws of sacrifice and ceremonial requirements having to do with Temple worship are set aside in favor of the spiritual, which stand forever.
We can easily grasp the Laws of Yahweh by noting that the Laws dealing with Temple worship have taken on a deeper spiritual meaning through the death and resurrection of Yahshua the Messiah. He clearly said to the woman at the well, "Yahweh is Spirit; and they that worship Him must worship Him in Spirit and in truth," John 4:24.
Paul did not do away with Yahweh's Law. He merely set aside physical circumcision and physical requirements of Temple worship. Reread Paul's epistles with an attitude of perceiving the deeper meaning of that higher spiritual requirement of Yahweh's holiness, which He expects of His people.
Circumcise your heart by making these Laws of Yahweh a part of your life, these Laws that Paul said were "holy, just, and good," Romans 7:12.
The last book of the Bible clearly supports Paul in upholding the Ten Commandments given by Almighty Yahweh. Notice Revelation 12:17 tells of a small Commandment-keeping remnant that the Adversary will persecute at the end of the age: "And the dragon was wroth with the woman and went to make war with the remnant of her seed which keep the commandments of Yahweh and have the testimony of Yahshua the Messiah."
Paul commended the Philippians for their obedience in allowing Yahweh to exercise His will to work in them, Philippians 2:13. It is in verse 12 Paul says, "work out your own salvation with fear and trembling."
Do not wrest Paul's writings as do the unlearned and unstable unto your own destruction.
After being called of Yahshua on the Damascus road, Paul no longer offered animal sacrifices. But he continued to obey. Notice his words to Felix, the governor, "But this I confess unto you, that after the way they call heresy, so worship I the Elohim of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the law and in the prophets," Acts 24:14.
May you also believe all things that are written in the Law and in the Prophets (Old Testament) and preserve Yahweh's truth in your heart and mind.
-Elder Donald R. Mansager
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